Real-world assessment of JYNNEOS vaccine effectiveness during the 2022 mpox outbreak in the US CDCgov URochester_SMD EmoryMedicine YaleSPH vaccine vaccination mpox virus infection disease immunization
Background The United States has recorded over 30,000 mpox cases by March 21, 2023. JYNNEOS, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine, was approved in 2019 for smallpox and mpox prevention in a two-dose regimen.
Cases were identified through health department registries, and controls were identified through passive or active recruitment approaches at local clinics. Sexually-active individuals aged 18-49 who identified as transgender or men who have sex with men were eligible for participation. The authors used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios assessing the association between case/control status and vaccination status. Additionally, the team adjusted models for age, ethnicity/race, immunocompromised status, and close contact with mpox case. Vaccine effectiveness estimates were stratified by the route of administration and immunocompromised status.
The crude VE was 87.4% and 75.7% for complete and partial vaccination, respectively. After adjustment, VE was 85.9% for two doses and 75.2% for the single dose. The VE was 80.6% and 77% for partially vaccinated subjects by the intradermal and subcutaneous administration routes, respectively.
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