Researchers report ‘hybrid immune damping’ following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection Coronavirus Disease COVID Omicron NHSBartsHealth imperialcollege
By Shanet Susan AlexJul 25 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent Science journal study explores the impact of differential immune imprinting patterns in individuals vaccinated against the coronavirus disease 2019 with a history of prior infection with a variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 during the Omicron wave.
Previous evidence has shown that the Omicron variant and its sublineages have reduced the efficacy of mitigation strategies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Current COVID-19 vaccines remain protective against severe illness and mortality; however, they are limited in their ability to prevent breakthrough infections.
T-cell reactions against the naturally processed antigen and peptide pools were assessed, in addition to memory B-cell frequency, S subunit 1 receptor binding domain and full S binding, and live virus nAb effectiveness. Related StoriesComparatively, HCWs who were previously infected with Wuhan Hu-1 and Alpha strains exhibited more potent nAb responses against the Wuhan Hu-1, Alpha, and Delta variants. Notably, a history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection did not improve cross-reactive S1 RBD IgG titers against the Omicron variant.
Omicron infection did not produce the same extent of cross-reactive antibody immunity to the Omicron variant. Furthermore, infection-naïve triple vaccinated HCWs exhibited rapid nAb waning following their third dose against the Omicron variant, as demonstrated by the lack of nAbs produced 14 weeks after their third dose against the Omicron variant.
Omicron infection did not produce cross-reactive T-cell responses against the Omicron variant; however, these responses were observed against other SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, prior infection with the Wuhan H-1 and Alpha variants in unvaccinated individuals did not produce any cross-reactive S1 RBD antibodies against the Omicron variant.
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