Review on nanoparticles usage for treating thrombosis induced by SARS-CoV-2 infections MonashUni Nanoparticles Thrombosis COVID19 SARSCoV2
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaDec 21 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent review published in Nature Nanotechnology, researchers provided an overview of nanomedicine strategies to treat coronavirus disease 2019 -induced thrombosis.
Pathophysiology of thrombosis observed in SARS-CoV-2 infections COVID-19 results in vascular endothelial damage heightened immunological responses with systemic inflammation, complement activation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps , known as NETosis, followed by neutrophil recruitment to the site of injury. The events lead to thrombus formation by upregulating tissue factor, thrombin, and platelet activation.
Nanoparticle types include liposomes, cell-derived vesicles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Liposomes comprise unilamellar vesicles and are easily synthesized, scalable, have high loading capacity, and have been commercially successful. However, liposomes have short circulation times and degrade rapidly.
Targeted delivery and responsive delivery [involving secreted phospholipase-A2 and thrombin release from clots] can enhance thrombolytic specificity and efficacy. Inherent nanoparticles have high multifunctionality, facilitating the production of sophisticated nano-delivery systems without complicating synthesis and using a magnetic field or near-infrared radiation at the thrombosis site. Mesoporous nanoparticles have higher drug-loading capacities than solid ones.
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