Science, Space and Technology News 2024
New research has unveiled that “Random DNA” is actively transcribed in yeast but remains largely inactive in mammalian cells, despite both organisms sharing a common ancestor and molecular mechanisms. This study involved inserting a synthetic gene in reverse order into yeast and mouse stem cells, revealing significant differences in transcription activity. The findings suggest that while yeast cells actively transcribe nearly all genes, mammalian cells naturally repress transcription.
A longstanding mystery in genomics then is what is all this non-gene-related transcription accomplishing. Is it just noise, a side effect of evolution, or does it have functions?sought to answer the question by creating a large, synthetic gene, with its DNA code in reverse order from its natural parent. Then they put synthetic genes into yeast and mouse stem cells and watched transcription levels in each.
For the current study, the research team addressed the question of how pervasive transcription is across evolution by introducing a synthetic 101 kilobase stretch of engineered DNA – the human gene hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 in reverse coding order. They observed widespread activity of the gene in yeast despite the lack in the nonsense code of promoters, DNA snippets that evolved to signal for the start of transcription.
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