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Astronauts face multiple risks during space flight, such as microgravity and radiation exposure. Microgravity can decrease bone density, and radiation exposure is a carcinogen. However, those are chronic effects.or elsewhere beyond Low Earth Orbit. Scientists are researching how fire behaves on spacecraft so astronauts can be protected.
Since 2016, ZARM has been researching how fire behaves and spreads in microgravity conditions like those in the ISS. Fire also burns hotter in microgravity, meaning that some materials that may not be combustible in normal Earth conditions could burn in spacecraft, creating toxic chemicals in the spacecraft's air.
In their experiments, the researchers lit acrylic glass foils on fire and varied three environmental factors: ambient pressure, oxygen content and flow velocity.The experiments showed that lower ambient pressure dampens fire. However, higher oxygen content has a more powerful effect. The ISS's oxygen level is 21%, just as it is on Earth.
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