How COVID-19 causes neurologicaldamage unibasel NatureComms
]. The lambda hyper-parameter , was selected to minimize the Bayesian Information Criterion, or the Akaike Information Criterion when the BIC pointed to the null model. While this modeling approach is appropriate to the nature of the data, the absence of several categories from our sample as well as the poor predictive performance of the predictive model led us to complement this approach with simple linear regression models.
To correlate between CSF or plasma molecules and brain region volumes, we selected the brain regions and molecules, which differed significantly between COVID-19 and control patients. A Spearman-rank correlation test was performed to assess the association between regional brain volumes and marginalized protein expression levels in CSF and plasma. The BH procedure was used for FDR control.
As a control cohort, 36 healthy, age- and sex-matched individuals were selected . This control group served only for the imaging analyses and was a different group than the healthy controls for the CSF and plasma comparison. The control groups’ demographic and clinical information can be found in Supplementary Table. The acquisition of prospectively collected brain scans was approved by the Ethics Committee of Northwestern and Central Switzerland .
The 3D high-resolution T1w anatomical images were acquired using two MRI scanners . An MPRAGE pulse sequence covering the whole brain was used in both MRI scanners with the following parameters. Scanner 1: 160 contiguous slices of 1 mm thickness in sagittal orientation; in-plane FOV = 256 × 256 mmand voxel size of 1 × 1 × 1 mm. The echo , repetition , and inversion times were set to TE/TR/TI = 2.8 ms/2400 ms/900 ms with a flip angle FA = 8°.
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