While there are various housing options for calves, all must be tailored to the needs of the animal, with the goal of maximising performance, optimising health, and adhering to welfare standards.
Effective hygiene is a basic design requirement for calf pens and calf buildings. All materials used within the area of the calf should be easy to clean and maintain.The preferred method of milk feeding for calf health and productivity is through a teat feeder. Group pens with teat feeders should permit easy access for the stockperson to help all calves in the group to access a teat. The choice of milk feed system should define the optimum group pen size for any particular farm.
A calf system can be designed with a feed preparation and cleaning area as an integral part of the system. A calf kitchen is an obvious component to support calf health and growth. It should also serve to improve the effectiveness of labour and make a routine task more pleasant.Regardless of the housing system, a newborn calf will feel cold when the temperature drops below 10–15°C.
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