Single Dose Nanovaccine Developed to Help Tackle Shigella Mol_Pharm
By Bhavna KavetiSep 23 2022Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. Shigella bacteria, which causes Shigellosis, is the primary cause of bacterial diarrhea and diarrheal death among juveniles under five years of age. Because of the antibiotic resistance of Shigella strains, no commercial vaccines are available to date.
The aim of this study was to increase patient compliance by reducing the dosing frequency. Based on previous screening results, the optimal protective dose of stabilized IpaC, 20 micrograms was encapsulated in biodegradable polymeric poly nanoparticles with approximately 370 nanometers in size and a single-dose nanovaccine was administered intranasally into BALB/c mice.
Shigellosis and Development of Nanovaccine Shigellosis is an intestinal infection caused by Shigella bacteria. Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and the need to pass stools, even when the bowels are empty. Nanovaccine exhibits unique physicochemical characteristics. The role of a nanovaccine as a potent vaccine has been examined to boost their therapeutic activity by enhancing their stability, prolonging their circulation and site-specific accumulation, increasing their delivery according to various biological and external stimuli, and overcoming physiological barriers.
Furthermore, the administration of multiple doses of subunit proteins along with adjuvants in previous studies did not result in sufficient immunogenicity and effective cross-protection. Previously, a self-adjuvant vaccine was created by stabilizing IpaC, an unstable conserved recombinant Shigella protein. Three intranasal doses of stabilized Shigella dysenteriae IpaC resulted in 100% survival when challenged with heterologous Shigella flexneri.
The developed PLGA 50:50 nanoparticles released up to 77% of the encapsulated protein in 28 days at 37 degrees Celsius and were degraded in 35 days under physiological conditions. Following the administration of the nanovaccine, the nanoparticles were lyophilized effectively and transported, which was desirable for translatable vaccines.
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