Science, Space and Technology News 2024
Researchers observed the dynamic phases of BCS superconductor interactions in a Cavity QED by measuring the light leakage from the cavity. Credit: Steven Burrows/Rey and Thompson GroupsSuperconductors have enabled new technologies for health care, transportation, and scientific exploration.
Quantum theory has predicted intriguing behaviors when a superconductor is driven out of equilibrium. However, it has been challenging to perturb these materials in the lab without disrupting their delicate superconducting properties, leaving these predictions untested.However, scientists can obtain surprisingly deep insights into superconductivity by studying it with fully controllable arrays of atoms in a gas.
The physics is simple in some sense, explains theoretical physicist Ana Maria Rey, a NIST and JILA Fellow. Cooper pairs exist in a low-energy state because vibrations in the material’s crystalline structure pull the electrons together. When formed, Cooper pairs prefer to act coherently and lock together. The Cooper pairs are kind of like “arrows” that want to line up in the same direction.
The light in the cavity mediated interactions between the atoms, causing them to align into a superposition state — meaning they are in both the excited and ground state at the same time — and to lock in phase, like Cooper pairs do, Rey explains. It’s also a counterintuitive way for scientists who work in measurement science to see atomic interactions, like the ones that cause the energy gap, as a benefit, not a curse.
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