A recent study summarized the recent advances in the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in COVID-19.
By Tarun Sai LomteAug 23 2023Reviewed by Sophia Coveney A recent study published in Cell Death Discovery summarized the recent advances in the role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in coronavirus disease 2019 .
Recent evidence suggests that m6A methylation is associated with viral infections and impacts host cellular functions. Besides, it can also influence the life cycle and pathogenicity of viruses. m6A readers are proteins recognizing and binding to m6A-modified RNA, such as insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 , YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F1 , heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C , YTHDF2, YTHDF3, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein C1 , and YTHDC2. Demethylases are m6A erasers that reverse the m6A modification, such as AlkB homolog 5 RNA demethylase .
One study observed elevated expression of HNRNPC, WTAP, fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 , RBM15, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 , YTHDF3, YTHDC1, and ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1 in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 , IGFB2BP1, and RBM15B was substantially reduced.
Functional analyses indicated that METTL3, METTL14, and ALKBH5 regulated SARS-CoV-2 replication and that a reduction in m6A reader, YTHDF2, promoted replication and infectivity. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 can use host enzymes for methylation to adapt its DRACH sequence and evade interferons.
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