Researchers compared the distribution of sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract and mammary glands of dairy cattle naturally infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.
By Vijay Kumar MalesuReviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc.Jul 18 2024 In a recent study published in Emerging Infectious Diseases , a group of researchers compared the distribution of sialic acid receptors in the respiratory tract and mammary gland s of dairy cattle naturally infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus .
The diagnosis was confirmed through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in the mammary glands and lungs. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections of trachea, lung, and mammary gland tissues, as well as milk samples, were collected for further analysis.
The staining process involved incubating sections with specific lectins and streptavidin conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647, followed by immunostaining with influenza A nucleoprotein . Multicolor immunofluorescent staining was performed using antibodies against cytokeratin and Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 .
Related StoriesHistological examination of the mammary gland revealed acute moderate multifocal mastitis characterized by epithelial attenuation and intraluminal neutrophilic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry for IAV-Np in the mammary gland showed intranuclear and intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity in alveolar and interlobular ductal epithelial cells.
Agriculture Avian Influenza H5N1 Immunohistochemistry Infectious Diseases Inflammation Influenza Mammary Gland Mastitis Public Health Receptor Research Respiratory Virus
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