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By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDApr 17 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In an article published in the journal Current Opinion in Microbiology, scientists have provided a detailed overview of the factors affecting maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and infant health.
Alteration in gut microbiota composition and diversity is associated with changes in women's metabolic, immunological, and neurological processes, irrespective of pregnancy status. In addition, changes in gut microbiota composition are known to affect insulin sensitivity. In children with type 1 diabetes, functional and metabolic changes in gut microbiota have been documented.
Factors influencing maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy Adult human gut microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including body mass index , medications, diseases, environment, and lifestyle . Pre-pregnancy exposure to these factors can lead to structural and functional alteration in maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy.
Related StoriesFunctional studies in animals have shown that smoking-related nicotine exposure during pregnancy affects maternal gut microbiota, which in turn alters fetal exposure levels to circulating short-chain fatty acids and leptin during in-utero development. In the microbiome of gestational diabetes patients, an increased abundance of membrane transport, energy metabolism, lipopolysaccharides, and phosphotransferase system pathways has been observed. Recent evidence indicates that gut microbiota-derived dopamine deficiency in the blood, impaired production of short-chain fatty acids, and excessive metabolic inflammation are collectively responsible for the development of gestational diabetes.
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