A study reveals a 20.9% rise in global antibiotic use from 2016 to 2023, with middle-income countries leading the increase and highlighting resistance issues.
By Vijay Kumar MalesuReviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLMNov 21 2024 Post-pandemic rebound in antibiotic consumption, especially in middle-income countries, raises concerns about antimicrobial resistance and global health challenges.
Resistance arises from overuse in humans, agriculture, and animals and poor infection control. Antibiotic consumption rose by 65% between 2000 and 2015, driven by economic growth in: lower-middle-income countries , while high-income countries maintain higher per capita rates. DDD values for combination drugs were calculated by separating and analyzing individual molecules, and estimates were derived from additional sources for molecules lacking defined DDDs.
MICs, encompassing both LMICs and UMICs, saw an 18.6% increase in consumption rates compared to a 4.9% decrease in HICs. The COVID-19 pandemic had a marked impact, with consumption declining significantly in 2020, particularly in HICs , before rebounding in MICs. By the end of the study period, MICs surpassed HICs in macrolide and fluoroquinolone consumption rates, largely due to increases in LMICs. Consumption of "last-resort" antibiotics, such as carbapenems and oxazolidinones, rose sharply in MICs, indicating emerging resistance challenges.
Agriculture Antibiotic Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance Coronavirus Covid-19 Global Health Hospital Infection Control Mortality Pandemic Research
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