Though 'Tmesipteris oblanceolata' is just 15 centimeters long, its genome dwarfs humans’ by more than 50 times.
, researchers report May 31 in. The plant’s full set of genetic instructions is over 50 times the size of the human genome. And it’s about 7 percent larger than the genome of the previous record holder, a Japanese flower dubbedMost plants have relatively small genomes, says Jaume Pellicer, an evolutionary biologist at the Botanical Institute of Barcelona. But some groups of plants are exceptions, possessing immense genomes that are some of the largest yet discovered across the tree of life.
“You have to replicate over 100 meters of DNA every time a cell divides,” Pellicer says, which requires the organism to expend a great deal of energy. “To me, it’s very puzzling.”). One way plants can dramatically bloat their genomes is by inheriting extra copies of entire chromosomes. Another process, Pellicer says, is accumulating long sections of repetitive DNA sequences.
Cai is also curious how the abundance of gene copies in the fork fern’s huge genome compares to those in the far smaller genomes of some aquatic ferns. Such research might help reveal how and why extremes in genome size evolve.
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