The same genetic mutations behind gorillas' small penises may hinder fertility in men

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The same genetic mutations behind gorillas' small penises may hinder fertility in men
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Nicola Williams holds a PhD in the History of Science from the University of Leeds, U.K. and currently works as a science writer across an array of subject areas broadly spanning, but not limited to, biology, physics, medicine and technology.

Silverback gorillas are famous for their impressive, bulging physiques — and their rather modest genitalia. Now, scientists have uncovered a potential genetic link between these apes' small members and infertility problems in male humans.

Gorillas operate in a polygynous system, in which a dominant male has near-exclusive access to females in his troop. The silverback's unwieldy physique means it has no problem securing mates, and thus, its sperm doesn't have to compete with that of other males and it can produce offspring without many, highly motile swimmers. The theory is that this lack of sperm competition led to the evolution of gorillas' small genitalia.

Roughly 15% of U.S. couples have trouble conceiving, according to Yale Medicine, and more than half of those cases involve male infertility. Around 30% of infertility cases have a genetic basis, said Vincent Straub, a doctoral student in population health at the University of Oxford who was not involved in the new study. However, the genes involved in male infertility are poorly understood.

This can happen when there isn't strong pressure to get rid of genetic mutations that could hinder a population's survival — such as those related to gorillas' low-quality sperm. This process, called"relaxed purifying selection," can result in seemingly harmful mutations becoming common in a species.—10 phallic flora and fauna that look just like penisesThe data turned up 578 genes in the gorilla lineage that underwent this type of selection.

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