Legumes thrive in low-nitrogen environments by partnering with rhizobia, soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, a usable form for the plants.
National Institutes of Natural SciencesJul 19 2024 These beneficial bacteria are housed in root nodules formed on legume roots. However, the uncontrolled formation of numerous root nodules can impede root function. To prevent this, legumes need to regulate the distribution and number of root nodules, but the precise mechanisms were previously unclear.
When rhizobia infect legume roots, root epidermal cells form infection threads, membranous tube-like structures guiding the bacteria to the inner root tissue where they can fix nitrogen. Rhizobial infection primarily occurs in a narrow root region just behind the root tip, known as the susceptible region. The continuous cell generation at the root tip perpetually creates new susceptible regions. Ideally, infection threads would be evenly distributed throughout the root.
Cytokinin, a key regulator in root nodule symbiosis, maintains this oscillatory gene expression. Genes related to cytokinin biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling exhibited oscillatory expression after rhizobial inoculation. Luminescence imaging using the cytokinin response marker TCSn revealed oscillatory cytokinin responses, aligning with the timing of active cytokinin content fluctuations.
Gene Gene Expression Genes Hormone Imaging Research
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