Researchers found that upward socioeconomic status transitions throughout life reduce the risk of dementia and increase dementia-free periods, while downward transitions increase dementia risk.
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.May 26 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent JAMA Network Open study investigates whether socioeconomic status transitions throughout an individual’s lifespan impact their risk of dementia.
Previous studies have identified several SES components, such as limited education, lower childhood SES, and lower household income in adulthood, that increase the risk of dementia onset. Thus, it is crucial to understand the association between social mobility and healthy longevity. To date, few studies have evaluated the effect of changing SES throughout an individual’s life on the risk of dementia.
At baseline, life-course SES components were self-reported. To this end, all study participants were asked about their childhood SES, and their responses were assessed on a three-point Likert scale. In this scale, one represented very low/low SES, two indicated middle SES, and three represented a high/very-high SES.
Study findings Participants with an upward SES trend had the lowest dementia risk and the greatest gain of dementia-free periods. In contrast, participants with downward SES transitions experienced the largest reduction in healthy lifespan periods at an older age. Individuals with upward SES transitions were associated with the lowest dementia incidence. Therefore, upward SES patterns during life aided in dementia prevention. This observation suggests that successful experiences throughout an individual’s life may decelerate cognitive aging by enhancing stress resistance.
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