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The transition in star formation rates and black hole growth as redshift decreases from regimes where positive feedback dominates to a later epoch when feedback is largely negative. Credit’s discovery of early galaxies with massive black holes challenges traditional galaxy formation theories, proposing a synchronous development of black holes and stars, a finding that could reshape our understanding of cosmic evolution., a critical piece of the puzzle has emerged.
Begelman and a team of other astronomers, including Joe Silk, a professor of astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, published their findings in “The idea was that you went from this early generation of stars to the galaxies really becoming mainly dominated by stars,” adds Begelman. “Then, towards the end of this process, you start building these black holes.”
Seeing the coexistence of stars with black holes, the researchers quickly realized that the conventional theories of galaxy formation had to be flawed. “ looks like reversed, that these black holes formed along with the first stars, and then the rest of the galaxy followed,” says Begelman. “We’re saying that the growth of the, at first, promotes the stars. And only later, when conditions change, does it flip into a mode of turning off the stars.
Then, after almost a billion years, the nurturing giants became suppressive, depleting the gas reservoirs in their galaxies and quenching star formation. This “negative feedback” was due to energy-conserving outflows—powerful winds that drove gas out of the galaxies, starving them of the material needed to create new stars.
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