While anger is quite often associated with PTSD, there are many factors that contribute to this association. As such, effective treatment depends on identifying these factors.
Trauma is a shock to the body's system of regulation that leads to fear during and after the traumatic event.
A meta-analysis covering 39 studies found that anger and hostility were highly associated with PTSD . This study also found that those who had experienced combat were more highly prone to anger and hostility. The researchers discussed the possibility that those selected for combat may have had more trait anger,disorders in general . It found that those with anxiety disorders had significantly greater difficulties with anger.
Impulsivity may be a factor contributing to anger expression by those with PTSD . However, such impulsivity may also be a way of coping with the distress of anger. Emotional-focused therapy for trauma offers another approach for dealing with trauma . A major component of this approach emphasizes some focus on working through feelings regarding interpersonal issues that surround early mistreatment. This phase involves the “full experience and expression of previously inhibited adaptive anger at maltreatment and sadness related to loss, which lead to meaning exploration and change.
Olatunji, B., Giesielski, G., and Tolin, D. . Fear and loathing: a meta-analytic review of the specificity of anger in PTSD. Behavior Therapy, Vol. 441 , 93-105. Bhardwaj, V., Angkaw, A., Franceschetti, M., et. al. . Direct and indirect relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in returning veterans. Aggressive Behavior, Vol. 45 , 417-426.
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