Memory is often understood purely on a theoretical, cognitive basis. However, this perspective can only explain so much. Neuroanatomy offers an understanding of the physical areas of the brain in which these processes occur. Together, they form a part of cognitive neuroscience.
Anatomy of neurons and synapsesMemory disorders and neuroanatomyThe brain can be studied on both a tissue and cellular level. Tissue makes up the structural elements of the brain, like the lobes, cortices, and periaqueductal grey matter. On a cellular level, a great deal of research focuses on the role of neurons.
Allocentric spatial memory is a type of spatial orientation. Meaning ‘other-centred’, allocentric spatial memory relates to how people understand environments and recognize stimuli. The hippocampus seems to play a part in remembering the location of objects in relation to a particular perspective or point in space. However, the exact role it plays is unclear.
As the cerebral cortex is multifunctional, it is also instrumental in a range of different memory-related processes. One example of this is its role in phonological working memory, which is associated with auditory information. Phonological memory is crucial in speech and language perception. Neurons communicate across the synapse: the space between one cell and the next. They do this through an electrical charge called the action potential. The action potential leads to a biochemical interaction, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. Neurotransmission is a building block of brain functioning and behavior.
Episodic memory has sensory encoding, meaning that the individual tends to remember sensory experiences from the event, such as the sights seen or sounds heard. Because of this, perceptual information that informs the creation of these memories appears to be handled by sensory areas of the brain. The hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex are thought to act together to consolidate episodic memory. Once information about the event that is being recorded has been gathered by the relevant cortices, it is then directed to the hippocampal formation by the Entorhinal Cortex. The hippocampal formation encodes the memory communicated to the cerebral cortex.
Memory disorders and neuroanatomy Memory disorders are a group of diagnoses that influence on the individual’s ability to create, store, recall, or otherwise process information. They include acute brain injuries, dementia disorders, and more.
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