With multi-club ownership under scrutiny from Uefa, BBC Sport breaks down all the Premier League club models.
The Ineos investment in Manchester United. Manchester City's sister club Girona riding high in Spain's La Liga. Rumoured Saudi Pro League club interest in Newcastle players. The issue of multi-club ownership models is back in focus.
Uefa ruled "no individual or legal entity had a decisive influence over more than one club" and it did not affect the integrity of the competition.Brighton owner Tony Bloom is involved with Belgian side Royale Union Saint-Gilloise, with both featuring in the Europa League. Villa's owners have a stake in Portugal's Vitoria Guimaraes, and both appeared in the Europa Conference League.
Foley is chairman of Cannae Holdings Inc, which has a 50.1% interest in the club. The minority ownership group is led by Hollywood actor Michael B Jordan, his first foray into professional sports ownership.Foley bought a minority stake in French Ligue 1 club Lorient in January 2023, and in November was awarded the licence for an expansion team in Australia's A-League, to be based in Auckland, New Zealand.
They have invested in various football clubs around the world, including Vasco de Gama in Brazil, Standard Liege in Belgium and Hertha Berlin of Germany. The firm also holds a share in La Liga side Sevilla, who won the Europa League last season.Shahid Khan purchased Fulham in 2013. He also owns NFL side the Jacksonville Jaguars and co-owns wrestling company All Elite Wrestling with his son, Tony, who is the president and chief executive of AEW.
In November a Premier League vote to temporary ban related-party loans did not receive the required support. It means NewcastleDuring the January transfer window Newcastle midfielder Miguel Almiron was linked with a move to Saudi side Al-Shabab, which is not owned by PIF.Greek shipping magnate Evangelos Marinakis purchased 100% of Nottingham Forest's shares from Fawaz Al-Hasawi in 2017. The owners formed a new company NF Football Investments Ltd, registered in the UK.