Why satellites are key to understanding Pacific volcano

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Why satellites are key to understanding Pacific volcano
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When the huge eruption happened over the weekend, a fleet of spacecraft overhead gathered key data.

When an enormous underwater volcanic eruption occurred in the South Pacific near Tonga on Saturday, satellites were in position to capture what had happened.

That's because there's a large and growing fleet of Earth observation spacecraft overhead. Some have constant eyes on particular regions of the Earth, meaning their data is immediately available to study, while others are tasked with making follow-up observations. All of the information these satellites gathered will aid the emergency response, and help scientists better understand the event.There are a group of spacecraft that monitor weather systems from 36,000km above the Earth. They scan an entire hemisphere every few minutes, relaying images of what they see to the ground to inform up-to-date forecasts.

It was these meteorology satellites that recorded some of the most spectacular views of the volcano's ash cloud as it climbed high into the sky.This shows data from all three weather satellites covering the area. From left to right: Korea's GK-2A, Japan's Himawari-8 and the US GOES-17.

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