It’s mostly economics
are reminders of a time when Italy had an excess of births. Today, in common with many other European countries, it has hardly any. Its fertility rate has dropped from 2.66 in 1964 to 1.24 in 2020. In one region, Sardinia, it is below 1. This makes Italy part of a band of ultra-low fertility across southern Europe, from Portugal and Spain in the west to Greece and Cyprus in the east. As 2.
Globally, a fairly robust law has long linked national wealth and birth rates: as countries become richer, birth rates fall. But a group of researchers at the Centre for Economic Policy Research argue that among the richest nations the opposite now applies. In theper head and fertility, they find . The most likely explanation for this is complex. As women enter the workforce, they increase economic output with their labour and talent.
“I played the lottery every week after my second son was born,” says Inés, a small-business owner in Madrid. Having failed to score the winning ticket, she decided not to have the third child she would have liked. The gap in Spain between the number of children born and the number desired is one of Europe’s highest. Alicia Adserà, an economist at Princeton, looks for explanations wider than those directly related to family.
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