A recent systematic review emphasizes the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, in alleviating symptoms of PCOS.
Scientists recently conducted a systematic review to evaluate the impact of lifestyle interventions on PCOS management and published their findings in Nutrients. PCOS , a common hormonal condition affecting women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and ovulatory dysfunction. Several studies suggest that PCOS is multifaceted, influencing metabolic disturbances like insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
It also increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Obesity exacerbates PCOS symptoms. While the exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, it's linked to endogenous and exogenous factors, including epigenetics, genetics, dietary preferences, environment, and lifestyle. Most PCOS patients exhibit high androgen levels (hyperandrogenism) and experience abnormal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin secretion, like luteinizing hormone (LH). Hyperandrogenism is further aggravated by hyperinsulinemia, leading to excessive androgen production. Immunological factors, such as chronic low-grade inflammation with elevated CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, are also involved in PCOS pathogenesis. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress significantly contribute to PCOS occurrence and progression. Increased oxidative stress negatively impacts PCOS patients, leading to higher androgen levels, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.Managing PCOS effectively requires a comprehensive and personalized approach. Lifestyle changes, dietary interventions, stress management, and physical activities have shown positive effects in managing PCOS symptoms. A diet with appropriate macronutrient composition and caloric intake can improve insulin sensitivity, weight management, and inflammatory markers in PCOS women. A low-glycemic-index (GI) diet, rich in fiber and low in carbohydrates, helps improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels. Diets high in antioxidants, such as vitamin D, vitamin C, polyphenols, and β-carotene, also decrease the risk of PCOS.Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D possess powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, significantly improving insulin sensitivity and reducing androgen levels in metabolic syndromes like PCOS. Higher intake of omega-3 and vitamin E also alleviate mental health parameters and gene expression of PPAR-γ, IL-8, and TNF-α in PCOS women. Dietary supplements, including antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine (NAC), vitamin D, inositol, and omega-3 fatty acids, and mineral supplements (zinc, magnesium selenium, and chromium), help reduce insulin resistance, enhance ovulatory function, and decrease inflammation in PCOS patients. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements improve biochemical parameters (LH, LH/FSH, lipid profiles, and adiponectin levels) and regulate menstrual cycles in PCOS women.Probiotic/symbiotic supplementation has been shown to significantly improve triglyceride, insulin, and HDL levels in women with PCOS. Several studies highlight that physical activity and regular exercise alleviate PCOS symptoms. Regular exercise, combining aerobic activities (e.g., brisk walking, cycling, swimming) and resistance training (e.g., weightlifting, bodyweight exercises), improves insulin sensitivity, reduces androgen levels, and promotes weight management
PCOS Lifestyle Interventions Diet Exercise Hormonal Condition Women's Health
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