Additional mRNA COVID vaccine doses could salvage antibody responses in blood cancer patients Antibody Blood BloodCancer Cancer Coronavirus Disease COVID Vaccine NatureComms imperialcollege
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDNov 21 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 has claimed nearly 6.6 million lives while disrupting healthcare systems, social interactions, and economic activity worldwide.
Introduction At the start of the pandemic, several high-risk patient groups were quickly identified due to rapidly rising case and mortality rates, some of whom included those of advanced age and those with a variety of medical conditions. Most COVID-19 vaccines produce antibodies against the viral spike protein, the immunodominant neutralizing epitope. These neutralizing antibodies prevent infection by inhibiting engagement between the receptor binding motif of the viral spike protein and the host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.
In response, scientists have sought to develop other broadly-neutralizing nMAbs to protect vaccine recipients who fail to develop an effective immune response and those who cannot take the vaccine for various reasons. About the study The current study utilized real-world data on antibody responses in blood cancer patients from the Monitoring Adaptive Responses to COVID-19 vaccines in Haematology study.
Serological testing was carried out after the first dose in 171 patients, the second dose in 327 patients, and the third dose in 162 patients. These tests were conducted at a median interval of 57 days after the first dose and about 50 days after the second and third doses. Control data is available for serological testing at about 50 days from the first dose and 21 and 90 days from the second dose.
In contrast, patients on other drugs that inhibited immune reactions, such as the JAK/STAT pathway inhibitors, responded poorly to two vaccine doses at 57%; however, this response rate rose to over 90% in this patient subgroup after receiving the third dose.
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Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis - BMC MedicineBackground There is growing evidence that patients recovering after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have a variety of acute sequelae including newly diagnosed diabetes. However, the risk of diabetes in the post-acute phase is unclear. To solve this question, we aimed to determine if there was any association between status post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and a new diagnosis of diabetes. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies assessing new-onset diabetes after COVID-19. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were all searched from inception to June 10, 2022. Three evaluators independently extracted individual study data and assessed the risk of bias. Random-effects models estimated the pooled incidence and relative risk (RR) of diabetes compared to non-COVID-19 after COVID-19. Results Nine studies with nearly 40 million participants were included. Overall, the incidence of diabetes after COVID-19 was 15.53 (7.91–25.64) per 1000 person-years, and the relative risk of diabetes after COVID-19 infection was elevated (RR 1.62 [1.45–1.80]). The relative risk of type 1 diabetes was RR=1.48 (1.26–1.75) and type 2 diabetes was RR=1.70 (1.32–2.19), compared to non-COVID-19 patients. At all ages, there was a statistically significant positive association between infection with COVID-19 and the risk of diabetes: 65 years: RR=1.68 (1.22–2.30). The relative risk of diabetes in different gender groups was about 2 (males: RR=2.08 [1.27–3.40]; females: RR=1.99 [1.47–2.80]). The risk of diabetes increased 1.17-fold (1.02–1.34) after COVID-19 infection compared to patients with general upper respiratory tract infections. Patients with severe COVID-19 were at higher risk (RR=1.67 [1.25–2.23]) of diabetes after COVID-19. The risk (RR=1.95 [1.85–2.06]) of diabetes was highest in the first 3 months after COVID-19. These results remained after taking confounding factors into acco
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