A study published in BMCMedicine finds that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and moderate consumption of animal-based foods, sugar, and salt may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer.
]. Thus, a healthy diet may provide greater protection against CVD to female survivors with elevated CVD risk, who are more susceptible to the disease. Nonetheless, we cannot rule out the possibility of a chance finding, given that overall male survivors had poor diet than female survivors.
This study has several limitations. As the associations examined were cross-sectional, we are not able to investigate the temporal relationship between dietary patterns and CVD. Also, it is plausible that cancer survivors with prevalent CVD had changed their diet to a healthier one before the study entry, attenuating an association between dietary patterns and CVD or resulting in reverse causation.
Despite these limitations, to our knowledge, this is the first and largest study to evaluate the relation of dietary patterns to CVD risk in a diverse group of adult survivors of childhood cancer. Remarkably few studies have examined diet and chronic diseases in long-term survivors of childhood cancer compared to a large number of studies on non-modifiable factors, such as cancer treatment, and pathophysiology.
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