Could mRNA vaccines triumph over other viral infections in humans and domestic animals? MessengerRNA mRNA Vaccine Coronavirus Disease COVID FU_Berlin CityUHongKong UTKnoxville CUBoulder
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaNov 28 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. The global success of messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines in mitigating the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 has motivated researchers to explore the promising potential of mRNA technology against an array of viruses that infect humans and animals.
Use of mRNA vaccines against viral pathogens in humans The development of antiviral vaccines has been a time-consuming and expensive process due to the requirements on incorporating sophisticated immune-evasion mechanisms. Multivalent mRNA vaccines can overcome such challenges and encode two or more viral proteins to be effective against viruses with multiple points of entry into host cells.
Likewise, existing HBV subunit vaccines comprising the recombinant surface antigen are effective and unlikely to be replaced by mRNA vaccines given the reluctance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration in children. Thus, multivalent mRNA vaccines encoding HA, nucleoprotein , neuraminidase , and matrix-2 proteins of IAV could provide a novel therapeutic option against IAV. However, mRNA vaccines may not be a feasible option for poor-resource communities due to high production costs and cold storage requirements.
Furthermore, mRNA technology could be used to develop vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus by encoding prefusion F protein sequences that induce RSV-neutralizing responses and RSV epitopes that induce CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Use of mRNA vaccines to replace current vaccines for animals Food animals such as chickens, turkeys, and swine, recreational animals such as dogs and cats, as well as exotic pet species and horses require cost-effective vaccines that are easy to administer, store, and may be incorporated in drinking water or as aerosols in confined housing. In this regard, it is doubtful whether mRNA vaccines could be superior to existing vaccines.
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