Science, Space and Technology News 2024
New research has deepened our understanding of volcanic eruptions by linking eruption size and frequency to the formation speed of magma in deep underground reservoirs. These findings promise to enhance predictions and protect communities. Credit: SciTechDaily.com
They are currently predicted based on activity of the volcano itself and the upper few kilometers of crust beneath it, which contains molten rock potentially ready to erupt. Their findings suggest that the size and frequency of eruptions are closely linked to the time it takes for extremely hot, molten rock known as magma to form in these deep reservoirs beneath the Earth’s crust – at depths of up to 20 kilometers – as well as to the size of these reservoirs., will allow them to predict volcanic eruptions more accurately, ultimately safeguarding communities of people and helping mitigate risks to the environment.
Using this information, researchers created computer simulations that mimic the complex processes of magma flow and storage deep within the Earth. Through these simulations, the team gained new insights into what factors drive volcanic eruptions.“Contrary to previous beliefs, our study suggests that the buoyancy of the magma, rather than the proportion of solid and molten rock, is what drives eruptions,” said Dr. Booth.
As well as identifying buoyancy of magma as an important factor driving eruptions, researchers also looked at how magma behaves once it reaches shallower underground chambers right before erupting. They found that how long magma was stored in these shallower chambers can have an effect on volcanic eruptions too – with longer periods of storage leading to smaller eruptions.
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