Exploring the effects of dietary fiber on gut microbiome and inflammatory diseases elsevierconnect Fiber DietaryFiber Gut GutMicrobiome InflammatoryDisease
By Tarun Sai LomteDec 2 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study published in Medicine in Microecology, researchers reviewed how dietary fibers modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota.
Different dietary fibers and their metabolic products, such as short-chain fatty acids , can profoundly impact hosts and modulate gut microbial composition. Therefore, exploring how dietary fibers regulate host microbial communities can allow for targeted therapeutic interventions. As such, in the present study, the authors illustrate the effects of dietary fiber interventions on the gut microbiome and inflammatory diseases.
Notwithstanding the multiple studies investigating the effects of dietary fibers on gut microbial composition in animal models, there are limited studies in humans. Dietary fiber breakdown is regulated by carbohydrate-active enzymes , including carbohydrate esterases and glycoside hydrolases , polysaccharide lyases , and auxiliary activities. Microbial genes encoding CAZymes govern the ability of fiber utilization. Bacteroidetes are the most common fiber-degrading bacteria, with 18 CEs, 17 PLs, and 269 GHs. In vitro studies suggest that bacteria show distinct preferences for the same dietary fiber.
High-fiber diets have been shown to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In addition, RA patients taking a vegan diet had significantly less swollen and tender joints, pain, low CRP levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The mean disease activity score decreased in RA patients after a week of Mediterranean diet consumption.
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