Nanoparticles enhance drug delivery by targeting specific cells, improving efficacy, and reducing side effects in personalized treatments.
By Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Reviewed by Lexie CornerJul 4 2024 Traditional drug delivery methods often lack precision, resulting in low efficacy and causing serious side effects. Novel drug delivery systems address these issues by targeting specific action sites for optimal release, minimizing the impact of the drug on vital tissues, and reducing unwanted side effects.
Drugs can be attached to the surface of these particles, mixed into their structure, or enclosed within them.4 When drugs are covalently linked to the particles, it allows for precise control of how much medicine is delivered. NPs made from various materials have their own strengths and weaknesses. For example, polymer-based NPs like lactic-co-glycolic acid and polyethylene glycol are great for use in the body because they are safe and degrade naturally.1 Metal-based NPs, such as those made from gold or iron oxide, have unique optical and magnetic properties useful for imaging, combined treatment, and diagnostic applications.
NPs can also make drugs last longer, require fewer doses, control where the drugs are released, and keep drug levels steady in the body. Other benefits of NPs include being small enough to avoid detection by the immune system, modifying their surface to stay in the bloodstream longer, enhancing their ability to bind to target cells, and allowing multiple drugs to be delivered together in one formulation.
NPs are also being explored in DDS for precision medicine.10 Precision medicine aims to create patient-specific treatments, moving away from the one-size-fits-all approach to improve outcomes. NPs could help more patients qualify for precision medicine by overcoming biological barriers and health conditions that previously excluded them, 10 potentially speeding up clinical trials and allowing more people to benefit from personalized therapies.
Nanomedicine Nanoparticles Personalized Treatments
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