Iodine content in retail cow’s milk varies dramatically across the U.S. Nutrients_MDPI NIH cowsmilk milk diet health nutrients
By Hugo Francisco de SouzaJul 13 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in Nutrients, researchers investigate the amounts of iodine in retail cow’s milk across the United States, in which deviations from recommended iodine concentrations ranged from −47 µg to +37 µg per 240 mL.
Iodine in milk Insufficient iodine in the diet remains one of the most prevalent nutrient deficiencies in the world. Iodine deficiency is estimated to affect 35-45% of humans, with women of reproductive age at the highest risk. While the USDA study captured iodine variability as a one-time sampling study, it was unable to elucidate the sources or trends of sample variability. The present study aims to investigate the nature of variability by sampling bi-monthly over a year. This study further evaluates the local variation experienced by a single individual buying milk from a single location over time, as compared to national variations that have been previously described.
All samples were characterized and analyzed in the Food Analysis Laboratory Control Center in Blacksburg, Virginia. To estimate iodine concentration, samples were paired with a 2% milk control material and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry . Data analyses involved using a one-way ANOVA model were used to estimate within-location variance.
An important takeaway from this study is the compounding effect of exceeding the recommended serving size of 240 mL. Children and adolescents are known to regularly consume two or even three 240 mL mugs of milk throughout a single day. The study findings indicate that the mean iodine concentration of all 96 samples was 82.5 µg/240 mL, which was comparable to the previously estimated and recommended mean of 85 µg/240 mL.
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