Researchers at NYU College of Dentistry and NYU Grossman School of Medicine are closer to understanding what drives the autoimmune disorder Sjögren's disease, thanks to new discoveries about the role of calcium signaling, regulatory T cells, and interferon.
New York UniversityDec 18 2024 Research ers at NYU College of Dentistry and NYU Grossman School of Medicine are closer to understanding what drives the autoimmune disorder Sjögren's disease, thanks to new discoveries about the role of calcium signaling, regulatory T cells, and interferon.
Not being able to produce tears or saliva can have a great impact on one's life. If you can't produce saliva, it may hamper your speech and your ability to process food, increases your risk for developing cavities, and overall worsens one's health." In addition to low tear and saliva production, the hallmarks of Sjögren's disease-;and factors that help clinicians diagnose it-;are autoantibodies in the blood and lymphocytes in the salivary glands.
The calcium connection Lacruz and Feske study the role of calcium signaling in human diseases, including disorders of the immune system and those that affect the mouth. Calcium signaling is important for saliva production, but it is unclear to what extent it may be involved in the development of Sjögren's disease.
The role of regulatory T cells Previous studies revealed that genetically altering mice to lack calcium signaling in their immune system's T cells resulted in dysfunction in one particular type of T cell-;regulatory T cells-;which prompted inflammation and autoimmune disease in the mice. Regulatory T cells help control the immune system's response, but when they don't work as they should, they fail to prevent autoimmune disease.
Could a drug do the same? To test this idea, the researchers turned to an existing drug called baricitinib that is currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia, and more recently, hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Baricitinib is a JAK inhibitor that reduces inflammation by suppressing signals downstream of the interferon receptor.
Autoimmune Disease Blood Calcium Cell Cytokine Dentistry Fatigue Food Genes Immune System Inflammation Interferon Medicine Mouse Model Muscle Pain Pathology Research Rheumatology Salivary Gland Speech
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