Novel self-amplifying RNA vaccine confers durable protection against COVID-19, reduces viral shedding in primate study Viral vaccines AntibodyResponse SARSCoV2 Boosterdoses Viralload COVID PLOSPathogens
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaApr 23 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study published in the journal PLOS Pathogens, researchers in the United States evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon ribonucleic acid vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using pigtail macaques with coronavirus disease 2019 .
About the study In the present study, researchers evaluated the efficacy of a new self-amplifying replicon RNA COVID-19 vaccine among non-human primates. Serological anti-S interferon-gamma -secreting T lymphocyte responses were measured by performing ELISPOT assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolates. Viral load was measured using nasal swab specimens, obtained on days 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0; using bronchial alveolar lavage samples obtained on days 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0; and pulmonary tissue specimens obtained on day 7.0 post-SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Various vaccine dosages and different vaccination regimens could protect the primates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a few macaques were protected even in the absence of neutralizing antibodies at the time of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, even when detectable nAb titers were lacking during exposure to SARS-CoV-2, other immunological pathways might regulate immunity levels, including T lymphocytes and binding antibodies.
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