Rethinking the immunotherapy numbers game

Researchers use mathematical modeling to explain immunotherapy responses

Model realizations of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Examples of potential tumor–immune states resulting in immune-escaped tumors, where each circle represents different possible pretreatment states for individual patients. Depiction of the effect of ICI therapy shifting the separatrix between the regions of tumor control and escape. Patients who would benefit from ICI therapy due to their tumor–immune state in the ‘reclaimed region’ and those that would not .

Of course, tumor–immune dynamics are much more complex than the simple model presented here. A more complex model could account for the effect of regulatory immune cells among other factorsthat will then span a three-dimensional space with the separatrix becoming a curved surface separating tumor control and escape. Further complicating matters are the evolutionary dynamics of tumor adaptations to treatments and immune predation, yielding a time-varying separatrix and an ever-moving target.

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