Study demonstrates robust antibody response elicited by trivalent protein subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 biorxivpreprint PittHealthSci antibody antibodies vaccine vaccination SARSCoV2 COVID19 covid coronavirus
By Tarun Sai LomteDec 19 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers demonstrated that a trivalent vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 improved the breadth of humoral immune responses in mice.
The study and findings In the present study, researchers assessed the immunogenicity of protein subunit vaccines based on spike S1 of wildtype SARS-CoV-2, Delta, or Omicron variant administered in mice as individual monovalent antigens or a trivalent vaccine incorporating the three antigens. Recombinant S1 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 spike proteins were expressed.
Interestingly, mice primed with the Wuhan S1 vaccine showed lower EPTs at week 9 than others. Mice receiving the trivalent vaccine showed higher EPTs at weeks 3, 5, and 7 against Wuhan S1 than those vaccinated with the Omicron S1 vaccine. Mice vaccinated with Delta S1 or trivalent vaccine showed the highest geometric mean EPTs against Delta S1 at week 3.
Sera from vaccinated mice were assessed at weeks 5 and 7. Antibodies inhibiting spike-ACE2 binding were present in all vaccinated mice. Sera from Wuhan S1-vaccinated mice had the lowest median binding inhibition against spikes from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, whereas sera from Delta S1-vaccinated mice exhibited robust inhibition against these variants.
Finally, the authors plotted mean values of Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron spike binding IgG EPTs with percent binding inhibition. Delta S1- and trivalent vaccine recipients grouped with the highest mean IgG EPTs and binding inhibition against Wuhan and Delta spikes. Omicron S1- and trivalent vaccine-immunized mice had the highest mean IgG EPTs and binding inhibition.
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