Despite humanity's scientific achievements and globalized economy, malnutrition remains a global issue. The United Nations estimated that 2.33 billion people experienced moderate or severe food insecurity in 2023.
University of California - Santa BarbaraJan 31 2025 Despite humanity's scientific achievements and globalized economy, malnutrition remains a global issue. The United Nations estimated that 2.33 billion people experienced moderate or severe food insecurity in 2023.
PDS operates in a similar manner to how food stamps worked in the United States in decades past: Eligible families and individuals can purchase bags of rice or wheat at heavily subsidized rates. The PDS serves 800 million people and accounted for 60% of India's social assistance budget in 2019 through 2020, the paper explains.
The authors tracked children's height for age as an indicator of malnutrition. This measurement captures longer-term trends than a simple body mass index, Baylis explained. "The reason we care about stunting, this height for age, is that it's associated with all sorts of bad long-run outcomes, including worse health outcomes and cognitive challenges, which affect education and income," she said. It's also a metric tracked around the globe.
Still, the subsidized grains may supplant more nutritious foods with empty calories, critics have levied against PDS. But the survey responses revealed that those on the program actually had more diversified diets. It seemed that, rather than crowding out other foods, subsidizing dietary staples freed up money toward more nutritious foods, particularly animal proteins like meat and dairy. This alone was large enough to account for the increase in children's heights.
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