Study shows long COVID remodeling of T cell dynamics is dependent on SARS-CoV-2 severity researchsquare IBDNencki SARSCoV2 COVID19 Coronavirus TCells
By Nidhi Saha, BDSJun 30 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux A recent study published in Frontiers in Immunology found that the post-coronavirus disease 2019 functional remodeling of T cells occurs in two steps and confers different convalescent immune states six months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Long COVID undermined the quality of life and is associated with significant morbidity, and may precipitate not only in patients who had experienced severe disease in the past but also in those with mild COVID-19 symptoms and asymptomatic cases. However, the immune landscape and possible predictors and mechanisms for PACS remain obscure in patients with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and in those who experienced mild symptoms.
The study included 59 male patients who had recovered from COVID-19 – who were categorized based on the severity of the disease. Disease severity was estimated by the size of lung lesions on computed tomography scan and the type of oxygen therapy needed. The study cohort was selected from in-patients between June and November 2020 or March and April 2021, at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Warsaw.
Related StoriesMeanwhile, mild convalescents exhibit greater naïve Tregs, rather than the polarization of T cells to the exhausted state. Additionally, many long COVID symptoms, such as fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, were found to be dependent on the severity of COVID symptoms. Further, the number of Tregs tended to reduce significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the inhibitions in their activity correlated with COVID-19 severity. The results indicate altered Treg-cell functioning during COVID-19 recovery, which likely affects the inflammation resolution.
Notably, fatigue and/or cognitive dysfunction are features of long COVID that frequently coexist and affect all convalescents. The post-COVID syndrome occurs in 10-35% of the cases; however, in patients who were hospitalized for COVID, the incidence is higher – up to 85%. The difference in long COVID symptoms and severity of the complications in patients infected by different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be investigated.
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