Science, Space and Technology News 2024
A collage of five of the comb jelly species studied. Red coloration as seen in the two specimens at right is common among deep-sea animals. Credit: Jacob Winnikoff
Cell membranes have thin sheets of lipids and proteins that need to maintain certain properties for cells to function properly. While it has been known for decades that some organisms have adapted their lipids to maintain fluidity in extreme cold — called homeoviscous adaptation — it was unclear how organisms living in the deep sea have adapted to extreme pressure and whether the adaptation to pressure was the same as the adaptation to cold.
SCUBA diving for shallow-water comb jellies off the Big Island of Hawaii. Most comb jellies live in the open ocean, where divers have to use tethers to avoid drifting away. Credit: Jacob WinnikoffTo answer whether ctenophores adapted to cold and pressure through the same mechanism, the team needed to control the temperature variable.
“One of the reasons we chose to study ctenophores is because their lipid metabolism is similar to humans,” stated Budin. “And while I wasn’t surprised to find plasmalogens, I was shocked to see that they make up as much as three-quarters of a deep-sea ctenophore’s lipid count.”
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