The complex dynamics between liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are central to the progression of liver cancer. These interactions are critical in creating an immunosuppressive setting that significantly impacts the response to immunotherapy.
FrontiersAug 7 2024 The complex dynamics between liver cancer stem cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment are central to the progression of liver cancer . These interactions are critical in creating an immunosuppressive setting that significantly impacts the response to immunotherapy.
Signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, and IL-6/STAT3, are integral to the self-renewal and differentiation of liver CSCs and are associated with therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Targeting these pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies. The bidirectional relationship between liver CSCs and immune cells is pivotal for CSC expansion and evasion of immunosurveillance. Protumorigenic immune cells, such as TAMs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells , are shown to modulate the TME to regulate cancer progression. Liver CSCs, in turn, can influence the phenotype of T cells and NK cells, shaping an immunotolerant niche.
Cell Liver Liver Cancer Tumor Cytokines Immunotherapy Metastasis Research Stem Cells
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