A Review published in the Journal of Translational Medicine summarizes the mechanisms and functions of autophagy in thyroid cancer, some potential autophagy-targeted treatments, and novel approaches to better control cancer progression.
Even though the role of autophagy is largely unknown in cancer development, there are evidence demonstrating autophagy is involved in multiple events of TC progression, including tumorigenesis, CSC maintenance, cell growth, migration and invasion, cell death as well as therapeutic resistance .
And p62 knockout is a method to inhibit tumor growth, which not only restrains autophagy via the AKT/AMPK/mTOR pathway in TPC-1 cells, but also regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis [found p62 reduction was associated with PEST-containing nuclear protein upregulation in TPC-1 and ARO cells, resulting in enhanced autophagy and decreased tumor volume in vivo.
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Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing - Journal of Translational MedicineMetformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin’s modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: “direct effects”, which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and “indirect effects” that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
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Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adult asthmatic patients in Northwest Ethiopia - BMC Pulmonary MedicineBackground Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The pathophysiologic processes of asthma can disrupt iron homeostasis, resulting in anemia. However, the association between asthma and anemia among adult asthma patients remains limited. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among adult asthmatic patients from May to August 2021. Methods An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 291 asthmatic patients in Northwest Ethiopia. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and checklist were used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. A blood specimen was collected from asthmatic patients for a complete blood count analysis and morphology assessment. The data were entered into the Epi data software and exported to the statistical package for social science version 20 software for analysis. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare red blood cell parameters among groups with acute and chronic exacerbations. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with anemia. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The overall prevalence of anemia in this study was 11% (95% CI: 7.2–14.8%). Acutely exacerbated asthmatic patients had significantly lower median values of red blood cell parameters such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and mean cell hemoglobin when compared to chronic exacerbations. In addition, using systemic corticosteroids (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.126–14.71, p = 0.032) and being hospitalized in the emergency department (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.26–11.07, p = 0.017) were found to be significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion This study demonstrated that anemia was predominant in adult asthma patients. Red blood cell number, hemoglobin level, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly lower in acute asthma exacerbations. Therefore, appropriate inter
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HRT used for menopause linked to dementia - but it may not be due to the treatmentThe nationwide study from Denmark, published in the British Medical Journal, appears to contradict some earlier studies that suggested HRT protects against cognitive decline if treatments are started near the onset of menopause.
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Pandemic paralysis: COVID-19 halts neglected tropical disease campaigns, study reveals solutionsIn a recent study published in the journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, researchers evaluated the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on mass drug administration (MDA) programming. They also provided solutions by neglected tropical disease (NTD) stakeholders for the relaunch of MDA implementation activities.
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Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing - Journal of Translational MedicineMetformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin’s modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: “direct effects”, which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and “indirect effects” that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
Read more »