The viral fitness and antigenic relationship among Omicron sublineages biorxivpreprint utmbhealth COVID19 coronavirus covid Omicron viralfitness
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanNov 14 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers used mouse models and human airway cell cultures to investigate the relative viral replication rates and cross-neutralization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages.
About the study In the present study, the researchers intranasally infected keratin 18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 mice with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid clones of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.5 sublineages to obtain serum samples. The sera were tested for neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron sublineages, the Delta variant, and the reference SARS-CoV-2 index USA-WA-1/2020.
Related StoriesThe K18-hACE2 mice infected with Omicron sublineages were challenged through intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 sublineage since it was the most prevalent and least neutralizable sublineage in circulation worldwide. Additionally, the neutralization titer values and FFRNT results were used to create antigenic maps, which displayed the relationship between the tested Omicron sublineages and the infected mouse sera.
The sera from infected mice exhibited significant cross-neutralization activity against the Omicron sublineages but not against USA-WA-1/2020 or the Delta variant. Furthermore, the serum sample from the BA.5 infected mouse displayed greater neutralization activity against the heterologous antigens from other sublineages than against the homologous BA.5 antigen. The viral replication and serum antibody titers also did not show consistent correlations in the infected mice.
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