Recent findings on T-cell immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in immunocompromised individuals Pathogens_MDPI UniFreiburg immunity TCell SARSCoV2 infection vaccination immunocompromised
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanFeb 8 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent review published in Pathogens, researchers discussed studies that explored T-cell immunity induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in cancer patients, individuals with human immunodeficiency virus , and recipients of solid organ transplants.
T-cell responses in cancer patients The review found that COVID-19 susceptibility differed across the cancer subtypes, possibly due to the varying impairment levels in the adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Compared to healthy individuals, cancer patients had weaker CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Furthermore, the T-cell responses elicited by messenger ribonucleic acid or vector-based COVID-19 vaccines in cancer patients were also significantly lower compared to healthy individuals. A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine induced lower levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 producing T-cells in solid tumor and hematological cancer patients.
T-cell responses in solid organ transplant patients Compared to immunocompetent individuals, patients on immunosuppressive therapy after undergoing solid organ transplants such as those of the heart, kidney, or liver showed slightly decreased cytokine-producing SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell levels in the early stages of the infection. However, the T-cell levels in both groups were comparable at about 30 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms.
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