Study suggests the rapid expansion of naïve T cells can provide a fast and effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections biorxivpreprint ucl UniofOxford WeizmannScience QMUL imperialcollege SARSCoV2 Tcells
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanNov 14 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers investigated the early T cell responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections to understand the mechanisms of rapid clonal expansion that characterize the T cell responses to acute infections and vaccinations.
About the study In the present study, the researchers sequenced the T cell receptor repertoire from ribonucleic acid extracted from whole blood samples of healthcare workers in London, United Kingdom. The study group included 41 healthcare workers who had positive polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection and six healthcare workers who were seronegative for the virus.
Results The results reported a strong but short-lived expansion of a small number of T cell receptors during the infection, whose peak coincided with the first positive PCR test. The complementarity determining region 3 of the T cells was found to be enriched for SARS-CoV-2-specific fully annotated sequences. However, the authors believe that bystander activation of pre-existing memory cells cannot be ruled out.
A search for T cell receptors with identical CDR3 receptors among naive and effector repertoires revealed that high endogenous frequency T cells were present in the naive compartments and were responsible for the T cell responses during the early stages of infection.
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