Researchers explore the potential diagnostic utility of transcriptomic and metabolic signals in the genitourinary system.
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDReviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.Oct 29 2024 RNA originating from genitourinary tract tissues is resolvable at cell-type resolution in human urine.
Current approaches for genitourinary disease diagnosis Urinalysis, while useful for the diagnosis of certain health conditions, lacks the high resolution needed to diagnose various genitourinary diseases conclusively. If diagnosed early, renal carcinoma, which arises in the renal tubular epithelium, has a high survival rate; however, the diagnosis of this disease typically involves renal biopsy.
Urine, which directly encounters genitourinary tissues, comprises both cellular and cell-free nucleic acids, thus indicating its potential as a biofluid for disease diagnosis. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of methods capable of measuring small RNA or genes in urine samples. Some of the challenges associated with utilizing urine for transcriptomic analysis include the risk of bacterial overgrowth, solute variability, as well as the presence of leukocytes.
Related StoriesThe fractional contributions of bladder urothelial cell-specific RNA were lower than reported in another study. This might reflect the difficulty of breaking down the complex components of urine using a body-wide matrix of cell types as the reference. Indeed, independent scoring confirmed that bladder urothelium significantly contributed to the urine transcriptome in health and disease.
As compared to urine cfRNA, which exhibits a faster recovery of nonimmune cell type-specific signaling, an enrichment in keratinocytes and neutrophil profiles was observed in urine sediment RNA. Thus, urine cfRNA appears to be more robust than urine sediment RNA for the noninvasive detection of genitourinary cells.
Biopsy Bladder Blood Cancer Carcinoma Cell Diagnostic Genes Kidney Metabolism Metabolome Prostate RNA Urinalysis
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