Study suggests mRNA vaccines decouple SARS-CoV-2 immunity from autoantibody responses observed during acute COVID-19 NatureComms YaleMed Yale mRNA vaccine vaccines vaccination immunity COVID19 coronavirus covid autoantibody antibody
By Neha MathurMar 14 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent article published in Nature Communications, researchers investigated whether messenger ribonucleic acid technology-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines promote the development of autoantibodies.
More recently, scientists have also raised concerns that molecular mimicry by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein might be helping elicitation of vaccine-driven humoral autoimmunity. Moreover, studies have barely explored whether autoantibody responses after vaccination varied from case to case, e.g., among previously infected relative to SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals.
They characterized self- and SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral immune responses after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in 38 autoimmune patients, 145 healthy individuals, and eight patients with vaccine-related myocarditis. The REAP most sensitively detected new autoantibodies over time. Accordingly, it captured a surge in REAP score for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a Rheumatoid Arthritis patient on adalimumab monoclonal antibody therapy in the period of collecting pre and post-vaccination samples.
Intriguingly, the authors did not detect interleukin-1 receptor antagonist autoantibodies in the study cohort by REAP or ELISA. This discrepancy with other recent reports most likely occurred because these reports did not note whether patients received anti-drug antibodies against IL-1RA.
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