A large-scale study involving over 21,000 individuals from the US, UK, and Italy reveals that dietary patterns significantly influence the composition of gut bacteria. The research, published in Nature Microbiology, highlights how different diets, including vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous, shape the gut microbiome and its associated health benefits.
University of TrentoJan 6 2025 A varied diet rich in vegetables is known to be healthy for one's well-being. Excessive consumption of meat, especially red meat, can lead to chronic and cardiovascular diseases. That is also because what we eat shapes the gut microbiome . At the same time, excluding certain foods, such as dairy or animal products, is not necessarily a general solution to achieve microbial balance.
"As more and more people adopt vegan and vegetarian diets, we wanted to find out how different their microbiomes are and which microorganisms are responsible for these differences," explains Gloria Fackelmann, first author of the study and researcher at the Cibio Department.
The microbial signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diets. A key aspect of the study was to examine the differences between gut microbiomes. The researchers were able to see how each dietary pattern leads to a unique microbial signature. The microbiomes of omnivores have an increased presence of bacteria associated with meat digestion, such as Alistipes putredinis, involved in protein fermentation.
Gut Microbiome Diet Health Vegan Vegetarian
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